Hormonal Control of Reproduction in Males
The onset of male sexual development begins around the ages of 11 or 12 and is completed by ages 15 to 17. The mechanisms initiating the onset of puberty are not well understood, but the sequence of...
View ArticleStructure and Functions of the Stomach and Control of Gastric Secretions
The J-shaped stomach is a pouchlike portion of the alimentary canal. It lies just inferior to the diaphragm in the left upper quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity. The basic functions of the stomach...
View ArticleLymphoid Organs – Locations And Functions – Red Bone Marrow, Thymus, Lymph...
Lymphoid structures can be found throughout the body. While all lymphoid structures are capable of lymphocyte production, the red bone marrow and thymus are considered primary lymphoid organs because...
View ArticleDisorders of The Blood – RBC, WBC And Hemostasis
Blood disorders may be grouped as red blood cell disorders, white blood cell disorders, and disorders of hemostasis. Normal values for common blood tests are located on the inside back cover. Blood...
View ArticlePituitary Gland – Control And Hormones of Anterior And Posterior Lobe
The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is attached to the hypothalamus by a short stalk. It rests in a depression of the sphenoid bone, the sella turcica, which provides protection. The pituitary gland...
View ArticleNeurological Disorders Affecting Muscles
Botulism poisoning is caused by a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The toxin prevents release of ACh from the terminal boutons of somatic motor axons. Without prompt...
View ArticleThe Life History of A Keratinocyte
Dead cells constantly flake off the skin surface. They float around as tiny white specks in the air, settling on household surfaces and forming much of the house dust that accumulates there. Because we...
View ArticleThe Cell Cycle
Most cells periodically divide into two daughter cells, so a cell has a life cycle extending from one division to the next. This cell cycle is divided into four main phases: G1, S, G2, and M. G1 is the...
View ArticleSimple & Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis – Across Plasma Membranes
A cell keeps its homeostasis mainly by managing the movement of substances across the selectively permeable plasma membrane. Some substances pass across the plasma membrane by passive transport, which...
View ArticleHuman Body System Anatomy, Functions, Facts And Relation
The human body is complex, so it is not unexpected that there are numerous levels of structural organisation for the benefit of description, the human body can be thought about to be functionally...
View ArticleCell Membrane (Plasma Membrane) – Structure, Function and Composition
The cell membrane is a phospholipid bi-layer into which proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids are ingrained. The cell membrane is also known as plasma membrane or plasmalemma. This membrane...
View ArticleThe Cell Theory Development and History
Cytology, the clinical study of cells, was born in 1665 when Robert Hooke observed the empty cell walls of cork and created the word cellulae (” little cells”) to explain them. Soon he studied thin...
View ArticleHomeostasis Regulation – Positive and Negative Feedback Mechanism
Homeostasis, a term presented by W. B. Cannon, describes the mechanism by which the constancy of the internal environment is maintained and ensured Homeostasis is the maintenance of a fairly steady...
View ArticleAbdominopelvic Quadrants And Regions
The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into either four quadrants or nine regions as an aid in locating organs. Upper right and upper left together with lower right and lower left constitute the four...
View ArticleMajor Body Cavities, Their Subdivisions And Membranes.
Body cavities are spaces inside the body which contain, protect, separate, and support internal organs. There are two major cavities of the body which contain internal organs: the dorsal (posterior)...
View ArticleBody Planes and Sections
Many views of the body are based on real or imaginary “slices” called sections or planes. In studying the body or organs, you often will be observing the flat surface of a section that has been...
View ArticleDifference Between Anatomy And Physiology
Difference between Anatomy and Physiology is that Anatomy is the study of structure and on the other hand Physiology is the study of Functions. Anatomy Anatomy is the study of structure: Anatomy,...
View ArticleThe Functions And Characteristics Of Living Things and Life
The world around us includes a variety of living organisms with various looks and lifestyles Despite this variety, all living things carry out the very same standard functions: Living things respond...
View ArticleDigestive System
It can be helpful to think of the digestive system as a tube running through the body with an opening at each end, the mouth at the top and the anus at the bottom. The tube isn’t a neat, constant shape...
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